Research
Overview
ReST is an evidence-based treatment. The majority of the research listed below has been conducted at The University of Sydney. We welcome replication and collaboration so please feel free to contact us with your ideas and questions.
We have summarised the Childhood Apraxia of Speech evidence to date in an evidence brief on assessment, diagnosis and treatment which you can download. Please note that this is not a summary of the ReST literature.
If you are a clinician who would like access to one of the ReST articles then we have the following suggestions.
The Murray et al (2012) protocol article is open access (free) from the BMC Pediatrics website.
For all other articles from the University of Sydney about ReST or apraxia treatment please feel free to contact us and we will send you an author copy if you cannot get it in other ways. Please be patient as it may take a little while for us to send you the article.
The articles about ReST in Korean and the one about TEMPO, a variation of ReST which included 4 syllable nonsense words over 16 sessions, can be requested from their authors.
Current ReST Projects
Korkaleinen, McCabe, Smidt & Morgan ReST (and other treatments) for children with cerebral palsy.
McCabe & Przulj ReST for Adults and adolescents
Thomas, McCabe, Murray, & Przujl Weekly Treatment for CAS
McCabe & Preston A pilot randomized control trial comparing ultrasound biofeedback treatment with rapid syllable transition training (ReST) in children with CAS – Apraxia-Kids $35,000 USD
Other CAS research projects
We are currently recruiting children with CAS aged 3-7 in Australia and the USA for treatment research. Please go to the Dynamic Therapy Trial web page for more information.
Publications
University of Sydney
Ng, W. L., McCabe, P., Heard, R., Park, V., Murray, E., & Thomas, D. (2022). Predicting Treatment Outcomes in Rapid Syllable Transition Treatment: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 65(5), https://doi.org/1784-1799. 10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00617
Korkalainen, M. J., McCabe, P., Smidt, A., & Morgan, C. (2022). Outcomes of a novel single case study incorporating Rapid Syllable Transition treatment, AAC and blended intervention in children with cerebral palsy: a pilot study. Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology, 1–10. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2022.2071488
O’Farrell, C., McCabe, P., Purcell, A., & Heard, R. (2022). The Adult Perceptual Limen of Syllable Segregation in Typically Developing Paediatric Speech. Frontiers in Communication, 61. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.839415
Scarcella, I., Michelazzo, L., & McCabe, P. (2021). A Pilot Single-Case Experimental Design Study of Rapid Syllable Transition Treatment for Italian Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_AJSLP-20-00133
McCabe, P., Thomas, D.C., & Murray, E. (2020). Tutorial: Rapid Syllable Transition Treatment (ReST) – A treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech and other pediatric motor speech disorders. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups. 5 (4) https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_PERSP-19-00165
Barrett, C., McCabe, P. Masso, S. & Preston, J. (2019). Protocol for the connected speech transcription of children with speech disorders: An example from Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopedia https://doi.org/10.1159/000500664
Brown, T., McCabe, P. & Murray, E. (2018). The boundaries of auditory perception for within-word syllable segregation in untrained and trained adult listeners. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics. 32 (11) 979-996. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2018.1463395
Thomas, D., McCabe, P. & Ballard, K.J. (2017). Combined clinician parent delivery of Rapid Syllable Transition (ReST) treatment for childhood apraxia of speech. International Journal of Speech Language Pathology . DOI:10.1080/17549507.2017.1316423
Thomas, D., McCabe, P., Ballard, K.J. & Lincoln, M. (2016). Telehealth Delivery of Rapid Syllable Transitions (ReST) treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. DOI:0.1111/1460-6984.12238
Murray, E., McCabe, P. & Ballard, K.J. (2015). A Randomized Control Trial of Treatments for Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 58 (3) 669-686. DOI:10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-13-0179
McCabe, P., Macdonald-D’Silva, A.G., van Rees, L.J., Ballard, K.J. & Arciuli, J. (2014). Orthographically sensitive treatment for dysprosody in children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech using ReST intervention. Developmental Neurorehabilitation. 17, (2) 137-145. DOI:10.3109/17518423.2014.906002
Thomas, D., McCabe, P. & Ballard, K.J. (2014). Rapid Syllable Transitions (ReST) Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech: The Effect of Lower Dose Frequency. Journal of Communication Disorders. 51, 29-42. DOI:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2014.06.004
Murray, E., McCabe, P. & Ballard, K.J. (2012). A comparison of two treatments for childhood apraxia of speech: methods and treatment protocol for a parallel group randomised control trial. BMC Pediatrics. DOI:10.1186/1471-2431-12-112
Van Rees, L. Ballard, K.J., McCabe, P. MacDonald da Silva, A., & Arciuli, J. (2012). Training Production of Lexical Stress in Typically Developing Children with Orthographically Biased Stimuli and Principles of Motor Learning. American Journal of Speech Language Pathology 21, 197–206. DOI:10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0008)
Murray, E., McCabe, P, & Ballard, K. (2011). Using ReST intervention for paediatric cerebellar ataxia: A pilot study. Stem-, Spraal-en Taalpathologie (17) S55.
Other institutions
Miller, H. E., Ballard, K. J., Campbell, J., Smith, M., Plante, A. S., Aytur, S. A., & Robin, D. A. (2021). Improvements in Speech of Children with Apraxia: The Efficacy of Treatment for Establishing Motor Program Organization (TEMPOSM). Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 1-16. DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2021.1916113
Oh, D. H., & Ha, J. W. (2021). Development and clinical application of Korean-version nonword intervention to improve speech motor programming. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 13(2), 77-90. DOI: 10.13064/KSSS.2021.13.2.077
Conference Presentations
Scarcella, I., Michelazzo, L. & McCabe, P. (2020). A single case experimental design study of Rapid Syllable Transition (ReST) treatment for Italian children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Poster presented at Motor Speech Conference, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
Korkalainen, J., McCabe, P., Smidt, A. & Morgan, C. (2020). Improving Functional Communication skills With Children with Cerebral Palsy. Poster presented at Motor Speech Conference, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
Meehan, N., McCabe, P., & Madill, C. (2019). Treating more children with childhood apraxia of speech more often. Paper presented at the Speech Pathology Australia Annual Conference, Brisbane, Australia.).
McCabe, P., Murray, E. & Thomas, D. (2017). Exploring Rapid Syllable Transition Treatment (ReST): An evidence based treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Paper presented at the American Speech Language and Hearing Association Annual Convention, Los Angeles November 2017.
Murray, E., Thomas, D. & McCabe, P. (2017). Exploring Rapid Syllable Transition Treatment (ReST): An evidence-based treatment for Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia. Paper presented at the Royal College of Speech-Language Therapists Biennial Conference, September 2017.
McCabe, P. & Preston, J. (2016). Comparing Treatments: An RCT contrasting Ultrasound and ReST Therapy for CAS. Paper presented at the Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association of North America, July 2016, Chicago USA.
McCabe, P., Preston. J. & Evans P. (2016). Ultrasound or ReST? Which Treatment is better for older children with CAS? A pilot RCT – preliminary data. Poster presented at the Speech Pathology Australia Annual National Conference, May 2015, Perth.
Thomas, D., McCabe, P. & Ballard, K. (2016). Service delivery for Rapid Syllable Transitions (ReST) Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A comparison of telehealth, lower frequency and parent- delivered treatment. Paper presented to Speech Pathology Australia Annual National Conference, May 2015, Perth.
Thomas, D., McCabe, P. & Ballard, K. (2014). Parent Training for Rapid Syllable Transitions Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Fidelity of parent conducted treatment. Poster presented at Motor Speech Symposium, Sarasota, Fl, USA March 2014.
Thomas, D., McCabe, P. & Ballard, K. (2014). Rapid Syllable Transitions (ReST) Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech: The Effect of Lower Dose Frequency. Poster presented at Motor Speech Symposium, Sarasota, Fl, USA March 2014.
Bejjani, L., McCabe, P., Murray, E., Thomas, D. & Ballard, K.J. (2013).The ecological validity of ReST intervention: Improvements in connected speech of children with CAS. Paper presented at Communicating Together’ Speech Pathology Symposium. 2-4 December 2013, Newcastle.
McCabe, P., Murray, E., Thomas, D., Bejjani, L. & Ballard, K.J. (2013). A new evidence based treatment for childhood apraxia of speech: ReST. Paper presented at 2013 ASHA Convention, Chicago, USA.
Murray, E., McCabe, P., & Ballard, K.J. (2013). Exploring factors that determined treatment success: data from a Randomized Control Trial for Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Paper presented at 2013 ASHA Convention, Chicago, USA.
Thomas, D., McCabe, P. & Ballard, K. (2013). Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Does Rapid Syllable Transition (ReST) treatment work when it’s done twice rather than four times per week? Paper presented at Speech Pathology Australia Annual National Conference, June 2013, Gold Coast.
Murray, E., McCabe, P, & Ballard, K. (2012). The first randomised control trial for Childhood Apraxia of Speech (ReST vs Nuffield Dyspraxia Program-3). Paper presented at Speech Pathology Australia Annual National Conference, June 2012, Hobart.
Macdonald-DSilva, A., vanRees, L., McCabe, P., Arciuli, J. & Ballard, K.J. (2010). Treatment of prosody in children with and without Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Paper presented at Speech Pathology Australia Annual National Conference May 2010 Melbourne.
McCabe, P. Ballard, K.J., & McDonald J (2010). Using the ReST intervention to treat a three year old with childhood apraxia of speech: A case study in EBP. Paper presented at Speech Pathology Australia Annual National Conference May 2010 Melbourne.
McCabe, P., Macdonald-DSilva, A., vanRees, L., Arciuli, J. & Ballard, K.J. (2010). Orthographically sensitive treatment for prosody in Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Poster presented at the Motor Speech Conference, March 2010, Savannah, GA, USA.
Ballard, K.J., Robin, D.A. McCabe, P.J. & McDonald J. (2009). Treating Dysprosody in Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Paper presented at Speech Pathology Australia Annual National Conference May 2009 Adelaide.
McCabe, P., & Ballard, K.J (2008). An Innovative Syllable Transition Treatment Trial for Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Presentation to the Motor Speech Conference, March 2008, Monterey, CA, USA.
Staples, T., McCabe, P., Ballard, K.J. & Robin, D.A. (2008). Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Treatment Outcomes at 6 months of an Intervention Incorporating Principles of Motor Learning. Paper presented at the Joint New Zealand Speech-Language Therapy Association/ Speech Pathology Australia Conference, May 2008, Auckland, New Zealand
Other
McCabe, P., Thomas, D., & Murray E. (2016). Clinician Manual for Rapid Syllable Transition Training (ReST). The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia. ISBN 978-1-74210-369-3
McCabe, P. & Ballard, K.J. (2015). The ReST program. In C. Bowen (ed) Children’s Speech Sound Disorders (2nd ed.). Wiley Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-118-63402-8
McCabe, P. (2014) Using ReST treatment to improve intelligibility in school aged children with CAS: An evidence based intervention. Webinar presented to CASANA audience (208 participants, mostly in the USA).
A review of ReST in Danish https://vidensportal.dk/handicap/Born-og-unge-med-verbal-dyspraksi/indsatser/rapid-syllable-transition-training-rest